Efecto de la extracción del cristalino en la presión intraocular de pacientes con glaucoma por cierre angular primario / Effect of crystalline lens extraction on intraocular pressure in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma

Objetivo: Describir el efecto de la extracción del cristalino transparente en la presión intraocular de pacientes con glaucoma por cierre angular primario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo en la provincia de Pinar del Río, entre enero del año 2013 y diciembre de 2019, que incluyó a 54 ojos de 54 pacientes con glaucoma por cierre angular primario y cristalino transparente, tratados con facoaspiración. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través del programa SPSS. Resultados: Hubo diferencias muy significativas (p< 0,001) en los valores de presión intraocular media entre el preoperatorio y el posoperatorio. El número de medicamentos no mostró diferencias significativas (p= 0,317) y el porcentaje de reducción promedio de la presión intraocular fue de 33,9 ± 4,3. Al final del período de seguimiento el 68,5 por ciento manifestó valores de 18 mmHg o más. El estadio glaucomatoso, la existencia o no de sinequias anteriores periféricas, el valor medio de la presión intraocular preoperatoria y del número de medicamentos mostraron diferencias significativas (p= 0,006; p= 0,001; p= 0,001 y p= 0,045 respectivamente) entre las categorías de control de la presión intraocular. Conclusión: La extracción del cristalino transparente reduce la presión intraocular en pacientes con glaucoma por cierre angular primario, lo que se corrobora a mediano plazo; aunque la mayoría de los ojos tratados no alcanzan un control total y mantienen el número de medicamentos sin variación(AU)

Objective: Describe the effect of clear lens extraction on intraocular pressure in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma. Methods: A prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted in the Province of Pinar del Río from January 2013 to December 2019. The study included 54 eyes of 54 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma and clear lens treated with phacoaspiration. Statistical analysis was based on SPSS software. Results: Very significant differences were found (p< 0.001) between preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure values. Significant differences were not observed in the number of drugs indicated (p= 0.317). Average intraocular pressure reduction percentage was 33.9 ± 4.3. By the end of the follow-up period, 68.5 percent displayed values of 18 mmHg or higher. Significant differences were found between the intraocular pressure control categories with respect to the stage of the disease, the existence or non-existence of previous peripheral synechiae, the mean preoperative intraocular pressure value, and the number of drugs (p= 0.006; p= 0.001; p= 0.001 and p= 0.045, respectively). Conclusion: Clear lens extraction reduces intraocular pressure in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma, a fact corroborated in the medium term, though most of the eyes treated do not achieve total control and the number of drugs remains unaltered(AU)

Glaucoma de ângulo fechado devido a síndrome de íris em platô / Primary angle closure glaucoma due to plateau íris syndrome

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever um caso de glaucoma de ângulo fechado devido a síndrome de íris em platô. Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, de 50 anos de idade, que há 13 meses foi tratada de fechamento angular primário a esquerda com sucesso com iridotomia periféria com Nd:YAG laser, compareceu ao serviço com queixa de embaçamento visual e dor intermitentes no olho esquerdo. Ao exame, observou-se fechamento angular à esquerda que se desfazia à gonioscopia de identação e pressão intraocular (PIO) de 16 e 42mmHg. O exame do ângulo da câmara anterior pela tomografia de coerência óptica evidenciou iridotomia patente em ambos os olhos e à esquerda o fechamento aposicional. Pelo estudo das imagens do ângulo foi possível identificar a configuração íris em platô, caracterizando a síndrome de íris em platô à esquerda. Foi procedida a goniosplastia com laser de argônio em ambos os olhos, o que permitiu a correção da configuração da íris e controle da PIO. Após o tratamento, foi realizado exame de campo visual que foi normal à direita e à esquerda identificou escotoma arqueado superior. O fundo de olho mostrou disco óptico normal a direita (0,2),e glaucomatoso à esquerda (0,6). Um ano após a gonioplastia, a acuidade visual foi de 20/30 sem correção por ambos os olhos, PIO de 12 e 13mmHg, sem medicações, com fundo de olho e campos visuais inalterados. Conclusão: A configuração íris em platô deve sempre ser considerada frente a casos de fechamento angular primário, sendo a tomografia de coerência óptica valiosa ferramenta para corroborar no seu diagnóstico.

Abstract Objective: To present a case of closed-angle glaucoma due to Plateau iris syndrome. Case Description: Female Patient, 50 years old, that 13 months ago was treated for primary angular closure to the left successfully with iridotomy with Nd: YAG Laser. She attended the service complaining of visual haze and intermittent pain in the left eye. On examination, it was observed angle closure in the left that could be openned with identation. Intraocular pressure (IOP) of 16 and 42mmHg respectively. The examination of the anterior chamber angle by optical coherence tomography showed patent iridotomy in both eyes and on the left the apositional angle closure. By studying the angle images it was possible to identify plaeau iris configuration, characterizing the iris syndrome of plateau iris. Gonioplasty with argon laser was performed in both eyes, which allowed the correction of iris configuration and control of IOP. After treatment, visual field examination was performed, which was normal to the right and to the left identified superior arcuate scotoma. The Fundus showed a normal right optical disc (0.2), and glaucomatous left (0.6). One year after gonioplasty, visual acuity was 20/30 without correction by both eyes, PIO of 12 and 13mmHg, without medications, with unaltered visual fields and optic discs. Conclusion: The Iris configuration in Plateau should always be considered in front of cases of primary angle closure, being the optical coherence tomography valuable tool to corroborate in its diagnosis.

Glaucoma due to ciliary body cysts and pseudoplateau iris: a systematic review of the literature / Glaucoma associado a cistos de corpo ciliar e íris pseudoplateau: revisão sistemática da literatura

ABSTRACT The diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma secondary to iridociliary cysts is challenging and lacks compiled literature support. We present a rare case of bilateral angle-closure glaucoma associated with pseudoplateau iris due to multiple ciliary cysts and conducted a systematic review of the literature to find similar case reports published between November 2006 and November 2016. Only 19 case reports present treatment modalities, and most cases required more than one therapeutic approach for controlling the intraocular pressure. Pseudoplateau iris attributed to iridociliary cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with narrow angles, particularly those with ocular hypertension and glaucoma, in which management is complex. In addition to gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy is considered the conclusive method for accurate diagnosis.

RESUMO O diagnóstico de glaucoma de ângulo fechado secundário a cistos iridociliares é desafiador e não possui suporte da literatura compilada. Apresentamos um caso bilateral raro de glaucoma de ângulo fechado associado à íris pseudoplateau devido a cistos ciliares múltiplos e realizamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura de relatos de casos similares publicados entre novembro de 2006 e novembro de 2016. Apenas 19 relatos de casos apresentaram as modalidades de tratamento e na maioria deles foi necessário mais de uma abordagem terapêutica para controlar a pressão intra-ocular. Íris pseudoplateau atribuída a cistos iridociliários deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com ângulos estreitos, particularmente aqueles com hipertensão ocular e glaucoma, em que o manejo é complexo. Além da go nioscopia, a biomicroscopia ultra-sônica é considerada o método conclusivo para o diagnóstico correto.

Opciones quirúrgicas en el cierre angular primario por iris en meseta / Surgical options for the primary angle closure in a plateau iris case

Se describen dos casos clínicos (hermanos), con el objetivo de mostrar diferentes opciones terapéuticas en el glaucoma por cierre angular primario por iris en meseta. El primer caso representa una paciente femenina con antecedentes de iris en meseta e iridectomía periférica quirúrgica, quien presentaba cifras de tensión intraocular elevadas y progresión del daño glaucomatoso, por lo que se decidió realizar trabeculectomía en ambos ojos, con evolución satisfactoria. El segundo caso se trata de un paciente masculino, con antecedentes de salud, quien acudió por molestias oculares. Tras examen físico oftalmológico se constató glaucoma por cierre angular por iris en meseta, con presión intraocular elevada y opacidad del cristalino asociada, por lo que se realizó trabeculectomía en ojo derecho más extracción del cristalino en ambos ojos. Como complicaciones posoperatorias presentó desprendimiento coroideo y edema macular, resueltos con tratamiento médico. La trabeculectomía luego de la extracción del cristalino en ojo derecho falló, por lo que actualmente se encuentra compensado con tratamiento médico. La elección de la terapéutica adecuada debe tener en cuenta los factores fisiopatológicos involucrados y la forma de presentación(AU)

Different therapeutic options for the primary angle closure glaucoma by plateau iris were described in two clinical cases. The first one was a female patient with a a history of plateau iris and peripheral iridectomy. Elevation of intraocular pressure and progression to glaucoma was confirmed, so it was decided to perform trabeculectomy in both eyes and the result was satisfactory. The second case was a male patient with history of health problems, who suffered with eye disturbances. After ophthalmological exam, a primary angle closure glaucoma caused by plateau iris was confirmed with marked eye hypertension and associated crystalline lens opacity. Trabeculectomy of right eye and lens extraction in both eyes was applied. Choroidal detachment and macular edema were the postoperative complications, but the medical treatment managed to solve this situation. After the lens extraction, trabeculectomy in the right eye failed and today it is compensated with medical treatment. The right therapeutic choice should take into consideration the physiopathologic factors and the form of presentation(AU)

Glaucoma agudo / Acute glaucoma

Glaucoma agudo é a apresentação mais sintomática dentro do quadro glaucomatoso, podendo evoluir com perda visual irreversível em poucas horas. Costuma acometer indivíduos com anatomia predisponente. Seu diagnóstico e início rápido do tratamento são fundamentais para preservação do prognóstico visual do paciente.

Acute glaucoma is the most symptomatic presentation of the glaucomatous disease, which can progress to irreversible blindness in just a few hours if left untreated. It typically occurs in patients with predisponent anatomy. It's prompt recognition and fast initiation of therapy is the mainstay to provide a good visual outcome for the patient.

Clinical and Anterior Segment Anatomical Features in Primary Angle Closure Subgroups Based on Configurations of Iris Root Insertion

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical and anterior segment anatomical features in primary angle closure sub-groups based on configurations of iris root insertion. METHODS: Primary angle closure patients were imaged using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Anterior chamber depth, iris curvature, iris thickness (IT) at the scleral spur and 500, 750, and 1,500 µm from the scleral spur (IT(0), IT(500), IT(750), and IT(1500)), lens vault, iris area, angle opening distance (AOD(500)), angle recess area (ARA(750)), and trabecular iris space area (TISA(750)) were measured. Iris root insertion was categorized into a non-basal insertion group (NBG) and basal insertion group (BG). RESULTS: In total, 43 eyes of 39 participants belonged to the NBG and 89 eyes of 53 participants to the BG. The mean age of participants was greater in the NBG than the BG (62.7 ± 5.7 vs. 59.8 ± 7.3 years, p = 0.043), and the baseline intraocular pressure was higher in the BG than the NBG (16.4 ± 4.4 vs. 14.9 ± 3.3 mmHg, p = 0.037). The BG showed a greater IT(0) (0.265 ± 0.04 vs. 0.214 ± 0.03 mm, p < 0.001) and iris area (1.59 ± 0.24 vs. 1.52 ± 0.27 mm2, p = 0.045), lower ARA(750) (0.112 ± 0.08 vs. 0.154 ± 0.08 mm2, p = 0.017) and AOD(500) (0.165 ± 0.07 vs. 0.202 ± 0.08 mm, p = 0.014) compared to the NBG. CONCLUSIONS: The BG had a narrower anterior chamber angle, thicker peripheral iris, and higher pretreatment intraocular pressure.

Acute angle closure glaucoma following ileostomy surgery

Angle-closure glaucoma can be induced by drugs that may cause pupillary dilatation. We report a case of a patient that developed bilateral angle closure glaucoma after an ileostomy surgery because of systemic atropine injection. This case report highlights the importance of a fast ophthalmologic evaluation in diseases with ocular involvement in order to make accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatments.

O glaucoma de fechamento angular pode ser induzido por drogas que podem causar dilatação da pupila. Nós relatamos um caso no qual a paciente desenvolveu fechamento angular em ambos os olhos após injeção sistêmica de atropina. Este caso mostra a importância de uma pronta intervenção em doenças com envolvimento ocular com o objetivo de realizar o tratamento adequado.

Ocular Manifestations of Venomous Snake Bite over a One-year Period in a Tertiary Care Hospital

PURPOSE: Ocular manifestations in snake-bite injuries are quite rare. However, the unusual presentations, diagnosis and their management can pose challenges when they present to the ophthalmologist. Early detection of these treatable conditions can prevent visual loss in these patients who are systemically unstable and are unaware of their ocular condition. To address this, a study was conducted with the aim of identifying the various ocular manifestations of snake bite in a tertiary care center. METHODS: This is a one-year institute-based prospective study report of 12 snake bite victims admitted to a tertiary hospital with ocular manifestations between June 2013 to June 2014, which provides data about the demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, ocular manifestations, and their outcomes. RESULTS: Twelve cases of snake bite with ocular manifestations were included of which six were viper bites, three were cobra bites and three were unknown bites. Six patients presented with bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma (50%), two patients had anterior uveitis (16.6%) of which one patient had concomitant optic neuritis. One patient had exudative retinal detachment (8.3%), one patient had thrombocytopenia with subconjunctival hemorrhage (8.3%) and two patients had external ophthalmoplegia (16.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral angle closure glaucoma was the most common ocular manifestation followed by anterior uveitis and external ophthalmoplegia. Snake bite can result in significant ocular morbidity in a majority of patients but spontaneous recovery with anti-snake venom, steroids and conservative management results in good visual prognosis.

Glaucoma crónico de ángulo estrecho en gemelas dicigóticas / Chronic narrow-angle glaucoma found in dizygotic twins

Caso clínico: se informa el caso de una pareja de gemelas dicigóticas con diagnóstico de glaucoma crónico de ángulo estrecho en 2004, cuyol padre murió ciego; una hija de una de ellas fue diagnosticada posteriormente como afectada de glaucoma crónico de ángulo abierto. Se determinó la cigosidad de las gemelas mediante protocolo establecido al respecto. En los 4 ojos de las pacientes se determinaron presiones intraoculares por aplanación en cifras que fluctuaban entre 26-32 mmHg, cámaras anteriores y ángulos camerulares estrechos, perimetrías computarizadas tubulares en 3 ojos respetando los 5° centrales y en otro tubular que respetaba los 10° centrales con atrofias ópticas en evolución en los 4 ojos. Se efectuó trabeculectomía bilateral en ambas pacientes y se mantuvo el control de su enfermedad glaucomatosa. Conclusiones: se plantea la necesidad de la búsqueda de otros afectados en un núcleo familiar donde se diagnostiquen pacientes con glaucoma crónico de ángulo estrecho

Clinical case: here is the case of a dizygotic twin pair diagnosed with chronic narrow-angle glaucoma in 2994. Their father had died blind and a daughter of one of them was later diagnosed as a chronic open-angle glaucoma patient. A specific protocol allowed determining the zygocity of the twins. The intraocular pressures in the four eyes of the patients were measured with applanation tonometry and ranged 26-32 mmHg, narrow anterior chambers and camerular angles, computerized tubular perimetries in three eyes around central 5° and another tubular perimetry of central 10°, with developing atrophies in the four eyes. Both patients underwent bilateral trabeculectomy and the control over their glaucoma disease was kept. Conclusions: It is necessary to look for other people affected in a family setting where there exists diagnosis of chronic narrow-angle glaucoma

Malignant glaucoma / Glaucoma maligno

The aim of this review is to discuss current knowledge about pathophysiology and clinical, therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for malignant glaucoma. This type of glaucoma can occur after different surgical procedures. It can also occur in aphakic, phakic and pseudophakic eyes and develop spontaneously in individuals with no ocular surgical history, or associated with topical miotics. Currently, the ultrasound biomicroscopy has provided many interesting and useful findings for diagnosis and monitoring the treatment of malignant glaucoma. It occurs more often in short eyes in which pre operative measurements of the anterior chamber depth and axial length are extremely important for its prophylaxis and diagnosis.

O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é discutir o conhecimento atual sobre a fisiopatologia e as abordagens diagnóstica, terapêutica e profilática do glaucoma maligno. Este tipo de glaucoma pode ocorrer após diferentes procedimentos cirúrgicos. Pode ocorrer em olhos áfacos, fácicos e pseudofácicos e se desenvolver espontaneamente em olhos não-operados, ou associado ao uso de mióticos. Atualmente, a biomicroscopia ultrassônica tem revelado muitos achados úteis e importantes para o diagnóstico e o tratamento do glaucoma maligno. Ele ocorre com maior frequência em olhos pequenos nos quais as medidas pré-operatórias da profundidade da câmara anterior e do comprimento axial são extremamente importantes para a sua profilaxia e diagnóstico.

Scanning electron microscopy of the trabecular meshwork: Understanding the pathogenesis of primary angle closure glaucoma.

Purpose: To study ultrastructural changes of the trabecular meshwork in acute and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes by scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one trabecular meshwork surgical specimens from consecutive glaucomatous eyes after a trabeculectomy and five postmortem corneoscleral specimens were fixed immediately in Karnovsky solution. The tissues were washed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetraoxide, dehydrated in acetone series (30-100%), dried and mounted. Results: Normal trabecular tissue showed well-defined, thin, cylindrical uveal trabecular beams with many large spaces, overlying flatter corneoscleral beams and numerous smaller spaces. In acute PACG eyes, the trabecular meshwork showed grossly swollen, irregular trabecular endothelial cells with intercellular and occasional basal separation with few spaces. Numerous activated macrophages, leucocytes and amorphous debris were present. Chronic PACG eyes had a few, thickened posterior uveal trabecular beams visible. A homogenous deposit covered the anterior uveal trabeculae and spaces. Converging, fan-shaped trabecular beam configuration corresponded to gonioscopic areas of peripheral anterior synechiae. In POAG eyes, anterior uveal trabecular beams were thin and strap-like, while those posteriorly were wide, with a homogenous deposit covering and bridging intertrabecular spaces, especially posteriorly. Underlying corneoscleral trabecular layers and spaces were visualized in some areas. Conclusions: In acute PACG a marked edema of the endothelium probably contributes for the acute and marked intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Chronically raised IOP in chronic PACG and POAG probably results, at least in part, from decreased aqueous outflow secondary to widening and fusion of adjacent trabecular beams, together with the homogenous deposit enmeshing trabecular beams and spaces.

Evolución y resultados del glaucoma por cierre angular primario / Evolution and results of the glaucoma caused by primary angular closing

Objetivo: Evaluar la evolución y resultados finales de los pacientes con diagnóstico de glaucoma por cierre angular primario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo en 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de glaucoma por cierre angular primario que acudieron al Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez, de Matanzas, en el período comprendido entre noviembre de 2008 a enero de 2010, con un seguimiento mínimo de 3 meses. Se analizaron las variables clínico-epidemiológicas, examen oftalmológico y tiempo de inicio del tratamiento. Los datos recogidos fueron procesados en Microsoft Excel. Resultados: El grupo etáreo que predominó fue el de 60 a 69 años. Hubo un control de la presión intraocular en el 85,7 por ciento de los pacientes y el 76,2 por ciento obtuvo buena agudeza visual, correspondiendo este grupo con un inicio precoz del tratamiento médico-quirúrgico. Las secuelas invalidantes estuvieron presentes en un bajo por ciento de los casos, quienes iniciaron el tratamiento médico-quirúrgico pasadas las 48 horas. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento inmediato de la enfermedad, determina el control adecuado de la presión intraocular y evita en muchos casos una pérdida visual irreversible.

Objective: Evaluating the evolution and final results of the patients with glaucoma by primary angular closing. Methods: We made an observational, descriptive, prospective study in 21 patients diagnosed with glaucoma by primary angular closing who assisted the Service of Ophthalmology of the Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez, of Matanzas, in the period from November 2008 to January 2010, with a minimal follow-up of 3 months. We analyzed the clinical-epidemiologic variables, the ophthalmologic examination and the time the treatment began. The collected data were processed in Microsoft Excel. Results: The predominant age group was the 60-69 years-old one. There was a control of the ocular pressure in 85,7 percent of the patients, and the 76,2 percent had good visual acuity, in correspondence with a precocious beginning of the medical-surgical treatment. There were invaliding sequels in a low percent of the cases, corresponding to those patients who began the medical-surgery treatment after 48 hours. Conclusions: The on-time diagnosis and immediate treatment of the disease leads to the adequate control of the intraocular pressure and, in many cases, avoids an irreversible visual lost.

An Indian perspective on primary angle closure and glaucoma.

Aim: To provide a synopsis of primary angle closure disease in India, and Indian studies on the same. Results: Primary angle closure glaucoma forms almost half of all adult primary glaucomas seen in a hospital setting in India. Anatomically, corneal diameters and anterior chamber depths were least in acute and chronic PACG eyes as compared to subacute eyes and controls. Besides relative pupillary block, a Valsalva maneuver during activities of daily living may be responsible for intermittent angle closure and raised IOP in predisposed eyes. Iridotomy alone, controlled the intraocular pressure in 66.7% of subacute eyes and 12.9% of the acute. Medical therapy was additionally required for 35.5% of the acute eyes, 12.1% of the subacute and 30.0% of the chronic cases. There was a greater mean and peak IOP reduction, achieved with 0.005% latanoprost once daily, 8.2 ± 2.0 mm Hg, compared with 0.5% timolol twice daily, 6.1 ± 1.7 mm Hg2. A progression of PACS to PAC was seen in 22%, PAC to PAC OHT in 38.7% and PAC OHT to PACG in 30.7% over 5 years. Conclusions: Primary angle closure disease is common in India, and can be managed well with iridotomy, followed by an appropriate control of IOP.

Angle imaging: Advances and challenges.

Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major form of glaucoma in large populous countries in East and South Asia. The high visual morbidity from PACG is related to the destructive nature of the asymptomatic form of the disease. Early detection of anatomically narrow angles is important and the subsequent prevention of visual loss from PACG depends on an accurate assessment of the anterior chamber angle (ACA). This review paper discusses the advantages and limitations of newer ACA imaging technologies, namely ultrasound biomicroscopy, Scheimpflug photography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and EyeCam, highlighting the current clinical evidence comparing these devices with each other and with clinical dynamic indentation gonioscopy, the current reference standard.

New comparative clinical and biometric findings between acute primary angle-closure and glaucomatous eyes with narrow angle / Novos achados comparativos clínicos e biométricos entre olhos com fechamento angular primário agudo e olhos glaucomatosos com seio camerular estreito

Purpose: To compare, clinically and biometrically, affected and fellow acute primary angle-closure (APAC) eyes and glaucomatous eyes with narrow angle (NA). Methods: Comparative case series; 30 patients with APAC and 27 glaucomatous patients with NA were evaluated. Keratometry (K), central corneal thickness (CCT), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured. Parameters defined as lens posisiton (LP) and relative lens position (RLP) were calculated. Results: Biometric difference between APAC-affected and fellow eyes was found only in LP (P=0.046). When fellow eyes were compared to glaucomatous eyes with NA, differences were found in ACD (P=0.009), AL (P=0.010), and LT/AL (P=0.005). The comparison between APAC-affected and glaucomatous eyes with NA showed significant differences in almost all biometric parameters, except for LT (P=0.148) and RLP (P=0.374). We found that the logistic regression model (LRM), built with three parameters (K, CCT and LT/AL), higher than 0.334 could be a reasonable instrument to differentiate APAC eyes from glaucomatous eyes with NA. Conclusions: This study showed that APAC-affected and fellow eyes have similar biometric features, and glaucomatous eyes with NA have a less crowded anterior segment. The LRM built showed promising results in distinguishing APAC from glaucomatous eyes with NA.

Objetivo: Comparar, clinica e biometricamente, olhos acometidos por fechamento angular primário agudo (FAPA) com seus contralaterais e olhos com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e estreito. Métodos: Série de casos comparativos; 30 pacientes com FAPA e 27 glaucomatosos com ângulo estreito (AE) foram avaliados. Olhos afetados por FAPA e seus contralaterais foram analisados. Ceratometria (K), espessura corneana central (ECC), espessura do cristalino (CR), diâmetro antero-posterior do olho (AXL), e profundidade central da câmara anterior (PCA) foram medidos. PC (posição do cristalino) e PRC (posição relativa do cristalino) foram calculadas. Resultados: Diferença biométrica entre olhos afetados por FAPA e seus contralaterais foi encontrada somente na PC (P=0,046). Quando os olhos contralaterais foram comparados com os olhos glaucomatosos com AE, diferenças foram encontradas na PCA (P=0,009), AXL (P=0,010), e CR/AXL (P=0,005). A comparação entre os olhos afetados e os olhos glaucomatosos com AE mostrou diferenças significativas em quase todos os parâmetros biométricos, exceto na CR (P=0,148) e PRC (P=0,374). Verificamos que o modelo de regressão logística (MRL), construído com 3 parâmetros (K, ECC e CR/AXL), quando apresenta valores maiores de 0,334 pode ser um instrumento razoável para diferençar olhos com FAPA de olhos glaucomatosos com AE. Conclusões: O presente estudo mostrou que olhos afetados por FAPA e seus contralaterais apresentam características biométricas similares, e olhos glaucomatosos com AE apresentam um segmento anterior menos aglomerado. O MRL construído mostrou resultados promissores para diferençar olhos com FAPA de olhos glaucomatosos com AE.

Clear lens extraction and intraocular lens implantation in a case of microspherophakia with secondary angle closure glaucoma.

Phacoemulsification with implantation of single-piece acrylic foldable intraocular lens (IOL) in a 19-year-old boy with microspherophakia, high myopia and angle closure glaucoma is described. The associated myopia and angle closure glaucoma was severely compromising the quality of life. Post-surgical visual recovery was 20/20 with sustained normal intraocular pressure. Management of such cases at times calls for innovations in current surgical technique.

Pseudo-gonio synechia: An artifact on two-mirror gonioscopy.

Gonioscopy is an important component of evaluation of any glaucoma patient. Goldmann two-mirror and Sussman or Zeiss four-mirror are the commonly used gonioscopes. Presence of synechia in the angle is diagnostic of angle closure disease in an occludable angle. A patient with pseudo-goniosynechia that disappeared on indentation gonioscopy with Sussman lens but persisted with manipulation gonioscopy with a Goldmann lens is reported.

Mefenamic acid-induced bilateral transient myopia, secondary angle closure glaucoma and choroidal detachment.

Drug-induced secondary angle closure is quite common and in the majority of cases simply stopping the medication leads to rapid reversal of the condition and resolution of glaucoma. We describe here a patient who presented with secondary angle closure glaucoma and myopia following mefenamic acid ingestion which was managed successfully by stopping the medication, symptomatic treatment and reassurance.

Glaucoma agudo bilateral por uso de topiramato: relato de caso / Topiramate-induced bilateral acute glaucoma: case report

O topiramato, uma sulfa monossacarídica, usada primariamente como um anticonvulsivante, é uma droga relativamente nova no mercado brasileiro. Devido às potencialidades terapêuticas do topiramato em uma gama variada de patologias (enxaquecas, transtornos do humor, etc.), assim como pelas diversas novas apresentações comerciais surgidas no país ultimamente, espera-se que seu uso venha a ser cada dia mais comum. O presente relato se refere a um grave efeito colateral decorrente do uso da medicação em questão, ocorrido em um homem de 36 anos - o glaucoma agudo bilateral, evento ainda pouco relatado na literatura mundial. Por conta de tal quadro, o paciente teve de se submeter a uma iridotomia bilateral.

The topiramate, a monosaccharide sulfa, primarily used as an anticonvulsant, was recently introduced in Brazilian trade. Through therapeutic potentialities of topiramate in a considerable scale of illness (migraine, disorders of humor, etc.), thus by the recent presentation, in Brazil, of several news commercial presentation of medication, it is expected that its use be more common each day. This present study reports a severe side effect that comes from the use of the drug in evidence, occurred in a 36 year-old man - the bilateral acute glaucoma, event of report not usual in the world literature. Because of this event, the patient had to be submitted to a bilateral iridotomy.